This ecosystem, which the scientists from Vietnam, France and Germany explore and reconstruct in ever more detail from one excavation season to the next, is a 37 million year-old swamp forest in a tropical to subtropical climate. Originally, scientists had expected to find fossils from the younger Cenozoic (up to 23 million years ago) at the site. This research revealed that the lignite seams contained a globally important fossil deposit from the Paleogene interval. Madelaine Böhme from the Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP) at the University of Tübingen has studied the prehistoric ecosystem and the fossils of Na Duong in Vietnam. Since 2008, the international research team around Prof. While the scientists conduct their excavations, lignite is being extracted nearby. The open mining pit Na Duong is still active. The coal beast did not quite make it to the European mainland - but it certainly reached the so-called Balkano-Rhodopen Island: a fossilized coal beast very similar to Bakalovia orientalis was unearthed in present-day Bulgaria. Fossil finds of Epiaceratherium magnum from Bavaria indicate that rhinoceroses reached continental Europe no later than 33 million years ago and colonized the landmass. Yet, the two new species had relatives in this area: A rhinoceros Epiaceratherium bolcense closely resembling the one from Na Duong was found in Italy (Monteviale). European fossils from that epoch are very rare, since little material has been preserved due to the folding of mountains and erosion. These islands spanned several thousand kilometers between what later became Europe and India. Italy and Bulgaria were part of an island chain in the Tethys Sea. In the Late Eocene, the European mainland presented a very different aspect than it does today. Indeed, the excavation site at Na Duong contains the fossilized remains of crocodiles up to 6 meters in length. The mammals' remains bear signs of crocodile attacks. At that time, Na Duong was a forested swampland surrounding Lake Rhin Chua. This pig-like ungulate, closely related to hippos, led a semi-aquatic lifestyle, i.e., it preferred the water close to bank areas. The other species is the so-called "Coal Beast," Bakalovia orientalis. The anatomy of the fossil teeth allows identifying this rhinoceros as a potential forest dweller. One of the newly described mammals is a rhinoceros, Epiaceratherium naduongense. Madelaine Böhme serve as proof that some European species originated in Southeast Asia. The recent findings by the research team under leadership of Prof. 38-34 million years ago) between the faunas of that region and Europe. For several decades now, scientists have postulated close relationships that existed in the late Eocene (ca. Southeast Asia is considered a particularly species-rich region, even in prehistoric times - a so-called hotspot of biodiversity. Genographic 700,000-Year-Old Stone Tools Point to Mysterious Human Relative Someone butchered a rhinoceros in the Philippines hundreds of thousands of years before modern humans arrivedbut who.
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